Perception

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History

Tereoscopes and diploscopes of various designs were the primogenitors of binorimeter and
of the device AVIZ-01.

there is data in literature (Jacques Ninio, 1998), that back to 1800 specialists knewhow to receive a stereoimage of three-dimensional geometrical figures in conditions of physiological double vision and merge of double images.

In 1835 Mr. Wheatstone invented – stereoscope, a device for viewing stereoimages (pair images, which slightly differ from each other). In the 19th century various designs of stereoscopes were created. During this period Mr. E.Javal, ophthalmologist, member of the French Academy of Sciences andthe leading expert in the field of research and treatment of patients with squint, g developed a complete set of tests applied for stereoscope treatment of various forms of squint, diplopia and nystagmus. In 1896 Mr. E.Javal published a unique monograph «Manuel du strabisme» («Strabismus textbook»), Paris, 1896.

In 1902 ophthalmologist Dr. A. Remy published his invention - "Diploscope" for viewing diplogrammes. When using a diploscope the sight is directed at a diplogramme through apertures, which fork and merge. the principle of physiological doubling is used in this device. In 1917 doctor A. Remy published the monograph "diploscope", in which he described physiology of vision and methods of research by means of diploscope, the ways of diagnostics and treatment of various forms of squint, amblyopia, pathologic diplopia and some forms of nystagmus.

In the 20th century various types of devices for squint treatment – synoptophors were designed. They had the same principal of operation as the stereoscope with the visual fields separator.

In the 19-20th centuries the other two interesting directions of stereodevices with the principle of measurement similar to that of laid down in binarimeter were developed. Those were marine and army stereo range finders and devices for accurate measurement of stereophotogrammes for geographical maps creation.

In 1968 Professor L.N. Mogilev designed the binorimeter device which was composed without optic and sight fields separator . Mogilev’s device was based on the principal of operation similar to that os used in stereo rangefinder and stereogramme stereomeasurer.

The binorimeter allows to receive a visual effect of depth of space ("an imaginary object") in conditions of physiological doubling and in the presence of/or without presence of disparity. Unlike its’ predecessors the binarimeter has the test-objects (pair images), which can be fixed at the distance from 5 to 150 centimeters (from 2 to 60 inches) from the eyes.

The device allows to measure the distance to the "imaginary object" as well as its’ size and orientation in space. The device was designed for scientific research. In 1978 Prof. L.N. Mogilev received a patent for "Binarimeter". In 1980 . L.N.Mogilev beings the research supervisor of the group of researchers charged authorized Dr. I.E.Rabichev to lead the research of in the firld of binocular functions. At that stage the binarimeter was used for the research work.

in 1982-1984 under supervision of and with participation of Mr. A.M. Kotlyarsky, Dr.. I.E.Rabichev registered the eyes’ binocular movements during the merge of double images on the binarimeter. Implementing the both lately acquired knowledge and research results of Dr.I.L. Smolianinova’s, Mr. E.S. Avetisov’s and Mrs. T.P. Kaschenko's and the results of registration of eyes’ binocular movements, Dr.Rabichev came to the idea of using binarimeter as an ideal device for squint treatment. Based on Mr. E.S.Avetisov’s research data, Dr.. I.E.Rabichev created the method of squint treatment using binarimeter (later called “binarimetriya” by professor T.P.Kashchenko). .Rabichev modified the binarimeter’s design, used already known test-objects and developed new test-objects. First patients with cured squint and developed binocular vision were taken for examination and treatment in 1983 -1984.

In 1993 Dr. I.E.Rabichev got the Device for research of binocular vision disorders patented. (The patent of the Russian Federation № 1792319, Bulletin № 4, 1993, page 199). The Commission on New Technology of the Ministry of Public Health of Russia assigned the name “AVIZ-01” to the device (the Device for Vision Restoration and Research). For the next 10 years the method has been improved. Scientific research data of several generations of scientists and the latest results of physiological experiments, which have been conducted by professor I.E.Rabichev for the last 25 years, are accumulated in this work.

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